CO₂ capture.
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This is how it works.
Absorption.
A gas stream containing CO₂ is fed through a process column. Inside this column flows a special liquid (the solvent). This liquid is specifically engineered to selectively recognize and bind CO₂. The other gases in the stream (such as nitrogen or oxygen) do not interact with the liquid and simply pass through. The liquid acts like a chemical magnet, capturing only the CO₂ molecules from the gas stream.
Desorption.
The liquid, now enriched with CO₂ molecules, is pumped to the desorption column. Here, heat is added. Due to the temperature increase, the chemical bond changes and the liquid releases the CO₂. This creates a stream of pure CO₂ at the top of the column, which can be captured.
Energy integration.
After releasing the CO₂, the liquid is ready to absorb new CO₂ again. The liquid is cooled and directly returned to step 1 to capture more CO₂. During the cooling process, the heat added in step 2 is recovered and can be reused elsewhere in the system, making the total net energy input nearly zero.
Clean CO₂.
The captured CO₂ is optionally post-treated and dried, resulting in pure CO₂. This can be used in various applications, such as greenhouse horticulture. This makes the process circular: the solvent is continuously reused, the required heat is recovered, and the pure CO₂ is ready for storage or utilization.